Shattered illusions: Confronting antisemitism in today’s Europe

Following the terrorist attack on Israel and subsequent counterattacks, antisemitism is on the rise in Germany. Let’s explore the causes and backgrounds.

Rising antisemitism in Europe

In light of escalating antisemitism in Europe, particularly in Germany, the pressing question remains: “Never again?” This phrase is a solemn pledge, reflecting a commitment to prevent the recurrence of past atrocities, particularly the Holocaust. It emphasises the collective responsibility to safeguard against discrimination and persecution based on religious or ethnic identity.

As antisemitism gains renewed significance in today’s socio-political landscape, it profoundly affects communities and influences public discourse.^[1] This concerning trend in Germany is further heightened by Hamas initiating a terrorist offensive against Israel, leading to increased anxieties within Jewish communities and in Germany due to explicit calls for violence from those opposing Israel or supporting the Palestinians. The Israeli counterattacks and the ongoing war contribute to the heightened tensions.^[2]

Hamas (Harakat Al-Muqawama Al-Islamia) originated in 1987 as the Palestinian arm of the Muslim Brotherhood, initially focusing on social work and religious propaganda. It has been in power since winning the 2006 elections in the Gaza Strip. Hamas rejects peace initiatives, suppresses political opposition, and restricts freedom of speech. It is internationally classified as a terrorist organisation and receives support from Iran, Syria, and Lebanon.^[3] The conflict in the Middle East often stirs emotions and opinions in German society, leading to heightened tensions and potential repercussions.^[4]

Historical context

Antisemitism has ancient origins deeply embedded in historical prejudices. In medieval Europe, discriminatory policies established the groundwork by confining Jews to specific occupations and segregating them in ghettos. Moving into the Renaissance, religious prejudices endured and were exacerbated by stereotypes promoted by influential figures. The Enlightenment, despite advocating for reason, witnessed the rise of pseudo-scientific racial theories, intensifying antisemitic sentiments.^[5]

The 20th century witnessed the horrific culmination of antisemitism in the form of the Holocaust, where six million Jews were systematically murdered. This unparalleled tragedy underscored the urgent need to confront antisemitic prejudices. In the contemporary era, antisemitism persists in various forms, including conspiracy theories, hate speech, and discriminatory practices. Understanding this historical trajectory is crucial for comprehending the multifaceted nature of antisemitism and formulating effective strategies to combat it.^[6]

Antisemitism in Germany

Germany’s historical perspective on antisemitism is indelibly marked by the atrocities of the Nazi era. The systematic persecution and genocide of millions of Jews during the Holocaust cast a dark shadow on the nation’s history. The profound impact of these events has shaped the collective memory, awareness, and responsibility regarding antisemitism in Germany. Post-World War II efforts for reconciliation and education aimed to confront the historical legacy and prevent the recurrence of such horrors, yet the echoes of the past continue to influence the country’s struggle against antisemitism.^[7]

Despite concerted post-war efforts, contemporary Germany grapples with persistent manifestations of antisemitism. Modern expressions include hate speech, discriminatory acts, and vandalism targeting Jewish individuals and institutions. The resurgence of antisemitic sentiments poses significant challenges, requiring ongoing societal introspection and efforts to foster tolerance.^[8] Understanding the historical context is crucial for comprehending the complexities of antisemitism’s evolution and addressing the current manifestations effectively.

Impact on Jewish communities

The impact of antisemitism on Jewish communities in Germany extends beyond individual incidents, influencing the broader socio-political landscape. Discrimination and prejudices contribute to a sense of vulnerability, affecting the daily lives and well-being of Jewish individuals. Socio-political factors such as exclusionary policies or discriminatory rhetoric exacerbate tensions within society, creating challenges for fostering a harmonious and inclusive environment for Jewish communities.^[9]

The rise of nationalism and populism in Germany poses a significant threat to Jewish communities. As these ideologies gain traction, they often come with xenophobic tendencies, targeting minority groups, including Jews. The intersection of nationalist sentiments with antisemitic beliefs heightens the risk of discrimination and hostility. Jewish communities find themselves navigating a complex socio-political landscape where the resurgence of such ideologies requires vigilant efforts to safeguard against discrimination and promote a diverse and tolerant society.^{[10] [11]}

Addressing antisemitism

Governments play a crucial role in addressing the resurgence of antisemitism. Implementing robust legal frameworks that explicitly condemn antisemitic acts and hate crimes is essential. Furthermore, allocating resources to law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute such offences demonstrates a commitment to ensuring the safety and security of Jewish communities. Collaborative efforts between governments and community leaders can tackle a comprehensive approach to tackle antisemitism effectively.^{[12] [13]}

Education is another powerful tool in combating antisemitism. Integrating educational programs promoting tolerance, diversity, and historical awareness into school curricula helps challenge stereotypes and prejudices. Public awareness campaigns, both online and offline, can also contribute to changing societal attitudes. By cultivating an understanding of the historical roots and contemporary manifestations of antisemitism, societies can work towards creating environments that reject discriminatory beliefs.^{[14] [15]}

Local communities also play a vital role in addressing antisemitism on the grassroots level. Building solidarity across communities, religious groups, and civil society organisations is crucial for creating a united front against discrimination. Community-led initiatives promoting dialogue, understanding, and inclusivity contribute to eradicating stereotypes. Advocacy groups dedicated to combating antisemitism can amplify the collective voice against hate, influencing public opinion and encouraging proactive measures from authorities.^{[16] [17]}

Never again?

In the face of rising antisemitism in Europe, especially in Germany, the crucial question persists: “Never again?” While strides have been made, the ongoing challenge requires collective action. Governments, schools, and communities must work together to nurture tolerance, combat discriminatory beliefs, and stand united against antisemitism. In these collective efforts, the aim is to prevent the tragic history of the past from repeating.

​​Maike Domsel

To all news items ->

Our team of analysts conducts research on topics relating to religion and society. Find out their relationships on the EARS Dashboard.

---

Sources

^[1] Mehr Vorurteile, mehr Gewalt und wachsende Angst

^[2] Angriff auf Israel Wie verbreitet ist Antisemitismus in Deutschland?

^[3] Wer ist die Hamas?

^[4] Angriff auf Israel Wie verbreitet ist Antisemitismus in Deutschland?

^[5] ANTISEMITISMUS – Zum historischen Hinter grund der aktuellen Debatte

^[6] Geschichte des Antisemitismus

^[7] Shoa und Antisemitismus

^[8] Shoa und Antisemitismus

^[9] Jede dritte jüdische Gemeinde meldet Anfeindungen

^[10] Juden trauen sich nicht mehr mit Kippa auf die Strasse

^[11] Der Judenhass traut sich wieder auf deutsche Straßen

^[12] Jüdisches Leben schützen Das tut die Bundesregierung gegen Antisemitismus

^[13] Nationale Strategie der Bundesregierung gegen Antisemitismus und für jüdisches Leben

^[14] BildungsBausteine gegen Antisemitismus

^[15] Perspektivwechsel – Bildungsinitiativen gegen Antisemitismus und Fremdenfeindlichkeit

^[16] Kirchenpräsident sichert jüdischen Gemeinden „Unterstützung im Kampf gegen Antisemitismus“ zu

^[17] Was Kirche gegen Antisemitsmus bei Jugendlichen tun kann